My life as an artist was at a crossroads
I was preparing to leave my job of thirty-five years as an art director to start a new career as a professional oil painter. I had years of design experience, but for two decades I had worked primarily in digital media.
I had good drawing skills, but my skill at color mixing oil paints was weak. Even though I had a thorough understanding of color theory, I didn’t understand how each oil color has a personality of its own. The colors looked familiar enough but the way they behaved was at times mystifying and unpredictable. I could see the color I wanted in my subjects, but matching that color with paint often involved educated guesswork, and too often I guessed wrong. My weak skills undermined my confidence and nearly derailed my career before it began.
Richard Schmid’s book changed everything
That’s when I discovered Richard Schmid’s fantastic book on painting, Alla Prima – everything I know about painting. In his chapter on color, he describes this color chart exercise for oil paints his teacher, Bill Mosby, assigned it to his class. Most of Richard’s classmates dismissed the exercise as a boring waste of time. But Richard took it seriously, enjoying the challenge of executing it perfectly. It paid off for him. And, it really paid off for me.
This exercise accelerated my career
It took me several weeks to complete the twelve color mixing charts in this exercise (see the complete set of color chart exercise panels below). I not only learned how to mix colors, but also the nature of the each color. Their staining power, transparency, temperature shifts when mixed, even drying times and how glossy or matte they dry. The confidence I gained with such thorough understanding of my palette helped to rapidly advance my painting skills. In less than two of years, prestigious galleries were representing my work, and I had my first of many solo shows.
In doing the color chart exercise, care and patience truly pay off
There is power in the simplicity of this exercise. In a nutshell, you’ll mix all of the possible color pairs on your palette and chart out five different values (dark to light) of each mixture. Its power is in its careful execution and paying close attention to the way the paint behaves.
“It is the doing of the charts and the how they are done that matter.” ~ Richard Schmid”
To learn how to do anything in art requires doing the physical work. Just looking at the charts doesn’t come remotely close to teaching you what this color chart exercise has to offer. To get the most out of the exercise, pay close attention to what is happening.
- How a panel of various colors mixed with one predominant color creates a wonderfully harmonious color scheme.
- Which colors have strong staining power.
- How dark colors are hard to identify until white is added.
- The cooling effect of adding white.
- Mid-tone colors tend to be more vivid.
- Accuracy, not speed, is the friend of mixing the right color.
- The list goes on . . .
Alla Prima II – Everything I Know About Oil Painting
This exercise is the smallest sample of the riches in Richard Schmid’s Alla Prima. In my opinion, it is the best book available on the art and craft of oil painting. Richard gracefully leads you through the subtleties of painting theory and technique with refreshing directness and technical authority.
Let’s get started
In this tutorial I am using my 11-color palette. If you have a set of colors you are currently using, I encourage you to use them. Just keep the following in mind:
The number of panels you will need is equal to the number of colors on your palette plus one. In this tutorial, I am using an 11-color palette so I needed 12 panels.
You will be painting a series of 1″ squares separated by 1/4″. I used 8″x15″ panels for the job. If you have more than 11 colors you need to adjust the width accordingly. I used 1/8″ MDF primed with two layers of gesso, lightly sanded.
Color Mixing Templates and Panels by Color Frontier
Color Frontier’s templates and panels are great, time-saving, alternatives to preparing your own panels for this exercise. (Color Frontier is not a sponsor, and I do not benefit from the sale of their products.)
STEP 1: Draw the Grid
On a your panel, draw a grid of 1 inch squares with 1/4 inch space between them. 11 across and 5 down.
STEP 2: Mask the Grid
Using the drawn squares as your guide, apply 1/4″ house painter’s masking tape to mask the edges of the rows and columns.
STEP 3: Mixing and Painting the Grid
This is where the fun begins!
Using a small palette knife or brush, paint the grid with the colors mixed as follows.
TIP: Remove the tape before the paint dries completely. Removing it when it is dry is not pleasant. Attach new tape if you need to make corrections.
Your goal is to create five equally progressive stages of lighter values for each top row color. It’s not as easy as it sounds, but worth the effort.
COLOR ROWS
TOP ROW – 100%
These are the BASE colors. They’re either a single color or mix of two colors straight out of the tube.
ROW 2 – 75%
Mix 3 parts BASE to 1 part white
ROW 3 – 50%
Mix 1 part BASE to 1 part white
ROW 4 – 25%
Mix 1 BASE to 3 parts white
BOTTOM ROW – TRACE
Mostly white with just enough color to shift to an off-white tint
KEY
CYL: Cadmium Yellow Light
CYD: Cadmium Yellow Deep
CO: Cadmium Orange
YO: Yellow Ochre
CR: Cadmium Red
TR: Terra Rosa
AC: Alizarin Crimson
TRO: Transparent Red Oxide
V: Veridian
U: French Ultramarine Blue
CB: Colbalt Blue
Titanium White is added to create values
I use M Graham oil paints. The base color will vary when using other brands.
CHART ONE: Palette Colors
Top Row: Unmixed palette colors.
Lightening in Five Steps
This process is repeated on each chart
Each column is then lighted by adding white to the top row color. Your goal is to create five equal steps from 100% color to an off-white in the bottom row. The percentages in the margin are only suggested starting points. Depending on the staining power of the colors, you will need to adjust the ratio of white to the color. You will notice the mid column, Terra Rosa (TR), got away from me a little and I went too dark.
ALL OTHER CHARTS: Mixed Colors
TOP ROW: Signature Color plus palette color
For each of the remaining charts the first column will be the palette color that will be the predominant color for that chart. In the case shown below, the predominant color is Viridian (V). Subsequent columns are mixtures of Viridian and the next color on your palette chart. In this case, the second column is a mixture of Cadmium Yellow Light (CYL) with Viridian predominating, the second column is Cadmium Yellow Deep with Virdian predominating, and so forth through to Cobalt Blue (CB). Avoid mixing equal amounts of each color, but enough color of the first signature color to predominate while allowing the other color’s character to be recognized.
Lightening in Five Steps
This process is repeated on each chart
Each column is then lighted by adding white to the top row color. Your goal is to create five equal steps from 100% color to an off-white in the bottom row. The percentages in the margin are only suggested starting points. Depending on the staining power of the colors, you will need to adjust the ratio of white to the color.
All of my charts on shown below for you the reference.
PALETTE COLOR CHARTS
The Richard Schmid book … everything and more is worth the investment as it will cause you to think about and assimilate what he says. It can only improve your approach to learning color and painting overall.
Thanks for your article . There’s a much easier way to carte your palette using the product from ColorFrontier – and it’s endorsed by Richard Schmid !
Colorfrontier.com ,
Randal McClure’s product looks like a real-time-saver but not for this exercise. Unfortunately, the Color Frontier pre-prepared boards only offer an 11-column grid. This Zorn Palette exercise requires a 12-column grid. ~ Michael
For those who are doing the Full Palette Exercise, I would absolutely recommend this product https://www.colorfrontier.com/
Hi, I’ve just read the wonderful article re Zorn palette on Jackson’s website. Fascinating, can’t wait to try it. I’ve just looked at Richard Schmidt’s book online – Alla Prima and it’s very expensive; is it worth it in your opinion?
Many thanks
Hi Trish ~
NOTE: After receiving your comment I looked for a better source for the book than Amazon. You can purchase “Alla Prima II” directly from Richard for $95 (softcover) plus shipping, at https://www.richardschmid.com/Alla-Prima-II-By-Richard-Schmid-p/skuap.htm – I have also changed the link in the blog text.
I absolutely think Richard Schmid’s “Alla Prima” is worth the investment. Of and dozens of art books in my library I feel the “Alla Prima” is the one I have learned the most from, and is the one I, by far, treasure the most. Let me explain. Richard’s gift of creating marvelous paintings is matched by his beautiful ability to make his experience of painting accessible and personal. This is evidenced by the caliber of the artists who view him as both mentor and friend. Among them are some of my friends and artist colleagues, Jeremy Lipking, Tony Pro, Alexey Steele, Michelle Dunaway, and Aaron Westerberg, and many many more. Richard wrote his book focused is on alla prima and plein air painting, but the lessons in it, both technical and from his life as an artist, are universal. Although he and I paint representationally, our techniques and final painting are very different.
Thank you for this, I’ll look into purchasing
Hi Micheal,
Thank you so much for sharing this excercise I did the Zorn one last year and it really was so helpful. Im preparing to do this one tomorrow and I just wanted to check on “V”. Did you mean Veridian ( as I think you do) or did you mean Vermillion as its written here in your personal initial list of base colours?
Thank you, Jenny, for catching my error. The “V” in my color does stand for Veridian. I will fix it right away.
Hi Micheal,
Thank you so much for sharing this excercise I did the Zorn one last year and it really was so helpful. Im preparing to do this one tomorrow and I just wanted to check on “V”. Did you mean Veridian ( as I think you do) or did you mean Vermillion as its written here in your personal initial list of base colours?
Great website ! Love the technical information as well as stories. Also the honest encouragement. Keep up the excellent work Michael !
Thank you for this tutorial. Cole theory has been one of my biggest drawbacks! Hopefully this will help. I have owned the book for years but never did the exercise
I did this exercise when I was reading Richard Schmidt’s book a few years ago and it was one of the best things I’ve done to advance my work. Highly recommend!
Thank you for recommending this exercise. I plan to do it. Should one add any medium to your paints or just use out of the tube?
More info please
Pam, I really want this tutorial to be helpful. What seem incomplete or unclear? Thank you..
Can this also be done in acrylic
Absolutely, Linda. I have done a similar exercise with watercolor, too. It is such a good way to learn the nature of your paints, which is really critical to color mixing. Happy painting!
I’m tackling this exercise very soon. I need more control and planning of colour in my paintings. Thank you for your tutorial.
Your welcome. This exercise sounds right for you. Don’t rush it. If you feel like a break to paint, do it for a while then get back to the exercise. You won’t regret taking the time. Happy Painting!
Hi Michael….Thank you for this tutorial!! For health reasons I have been away from my art for a couple of years and this tutorial has given me inspiration to get back to it. Thank you!
I am so happy that you feel ready to get back to creating art Jill. This exercise is a great way to ease yourself back into a routine. Be patient with it and enjoy the challenges and great benefits. Happy painting!!!